Strayer, Chapter 24 (pp. 747-755)

Global expansion, one was an explosion of human numbers, an unprecedented quadrupling of worlds, two the energy potential that we have such as fossil fuels and so on, the third is the human remaking.  The three were factors of foundations for the immense environmental transformations.  Environmentalism began in the 20th century and was the time of the  Romantic poets.  In South Korea, environmental activists were wearing masks and holding crosses to represent countries during an antinuclear protest.  Globalization of environmentalism also disclosed sharp conflicts, between the Global North and South.  In discovering meaning, or direction in history, the offenses in the past have changed the ways of the future and globalizing.

Strayer, Chapter 24 (pp. 740-747)

As many of the new discovers have been made, with feminism and branching out, came religion.  The many religions were getting passed along many places with no problems and everyone was welcomed of change.  The term "fundamentalism" is from the US where people were outraged of the talking about "scientific" approaches to the bible.  Mecca then decided to overthrow the Saudi government.  Islamic revolutionaries also took aim at hostile foreign powers.  Other religious traditions as well as believers found various ways of responding to global modernity.

Strayer, Chapter 24 (pp. 734-739)

In the 1960s everyone witnessed many unusual movements that were occurring and the emergence of a global culture of liberation.  The feminist movement changed the world of thinking of human relationships between women and men.  The feminist movement in the 1920s lost momentum in the West, but it had already gone all over the world so it was fine.  Women's movements in the South took shape around many issues but not all exactly gender based.International Feminism reached a high and everywhere women were being treated fairly and equally.

Strayer, Chapter 24 (pp. 723-734)

In the 1970s and after major capitalists such as the United States  and Great Britain abandoned as many political leaders and business people view on globalization differently.  The world trade took off from the value #57 billion in 1947 to over $7 trillion in 2001.  Money also achieved an amazing global mobility in three ways, foreign direct investment, short term movement of capital, and the personal funds of individuals.  The problematic distribution in the new wealth was during the European Industrial Revolution.  Globalization divided many countries.

Putin's Challenge

The Russians decided to move the Circassians either by death or exportation, the Circassians started out with around 2-3 million people and then later ended up having 1.5 million of their people killed.  A very small number of Circassians survived and 90 percent of the worlds 5-6 million live in global diaspora while 700,000 live in Russia but split into three parts.  The Circassians are angered that the 2014 Olympics will he held at Sochi, a resort city on the Black Sea.  It will be held on the 150th anniversary of the mass killings that have happened years ago.  That the corpses of the deceased are where they plan to dig and make the stadiums for the Olympics, in other words the games will be played on a graveyard sight.  The collapse of the Soviet Union led the Circassians rejoicing and they had realized that they gained their freedom back.

Strayer, Chapter 23

On the mid-1970s was the age of Independence for Africans, as colony after colony, with more then fifty total emerged into freedom.  There was more extended freedom struggles and the two were India and South Africa.  India was one of the first colonies to achieve independence and was a model for others to do the same, India was an inspiration.  As South Africa was one of the last to be free from the domination of whites.  In 1970s, few regimes were left among the new states of Africa, and many popular political parties went into the struggle for independence and lost many support from others.  Achieving economic development  provided great difficulty They took place by religion, ethnic group, and gender. All the countries have many stories to tell and many untold stories, with tis, many historians write from the middle of the stream.

Strayer, Chapter 22 (pp. 675-689)

The extension of communism into Asia--China, Korea, and Vietnam led the cold war and the most destructive war.  Still to this day, North Korea and South Korea are not in good terms.  In 1950s, the world was introduced to The Hydrogen Bomb and it made an image of an enormous fireball and mushroom type of image.  The United States' political and economic penetration of the world war and the cold war brought culture, music was found and many great artists wrote about what was happening ad brought everyone together.  As the communist world expanded, so too did divisions and conflicts among its various countries.

Massaro, Section 5 and 6

Catholic social teaching has closely followed the path mapped out by Aquians regarding property and has attempted to apply his principals to new situations in the modern world.  It also adjusted its message to account for new situations and needs that place prudent limits on property holding and therefore has issues stern warnings against unlimited acquisition of wealth.  The creator intends the common gift of the earth to be used for the nourishment and sustenance of all God's children.  A proper understanding of property must also adjust to these changed circumstances.  Catholic social teaching forthrightly contends that a world without labor unions would witness a much less favorable environment for achieving justice and an equitable sharing of earth's resources.  Human labor also carries theological significance, as it contains the human response to he God who invites all people to become cocreators of the material world.

Strayer, Chapter 22 (pp. 659-674)

The rise of communism was world wide and spread fast.  Communist regimes came to power almost everywhere in the tumultuous wake of war, revolution, and more.  Then came to rise of communism in Russia, "soviets" and it started out as agricultural.  Then it spread to Eastern Europe for the desire of a better zone.  The rise of communism in China came around 1949 and took twenty-eight years to triumph while Russia did theirs sooner.  China was also agricultural and they then formed the CCP Chinese Communist Party and later gained a leader named Mao and later become big and trumped.  Russia and China took ideas from the Enlightenment and built modern industrial society, totalitarian organization.

Strayer, Introduction to Part Six and Chapter 21

The twentieth-century histories of the western world, the communist world, and the third world not only paralleled one another but also frequently interested and overlapped.  Perhaps there is enough that is new about the twentieth century to treat it, tentatively, as a distinct era in human history, but only what happens next will determine how this most recent century will be understood by later generations. The collapse of the world, the World War.  Europe had assumed an increasingly prominent position on the global stage, driven its growing military capacity and the marvels of its Scientific and Industrial revolutions.  The outbreak of the war was an accident, in that none of the major states planned or predicted the archduke's assassination or deliberately sought a prolonged conflict.  The collapse of the German, Russian, and Austrian empire emerged a new map of Central Europe.  Then came the Nazi's and Hilters rule.  Then started the World War II.  The tragedies that afflicted in the first of the twentieth century-fratricidal war, economic collapse, the Holocaust-were wholly self-inflicted, and yet despite the sorry and desperate state of the heartland, Europe.

Strayer, Chapter 20 (pp. 607-614)

Education often provided social mobility and elite status within their own communities and an opportunity to achieve, or at least approach, equality with whites in racially defined societies.  Many such people ardently embraced European culture, dressing in European clothes, speaking French or English, building European-style and ways.  Religion too provide the basis for new or transformed identities during the colonial era.  The young, the poor, and many women all of them oppressed groups in many African societies, found new opportunities and greater freedom in some association with missions.

Strayer, Chapter 20 (pp.586-606)

If the measure of success is national wealth and power, then the Industrial Revolution was a great accomplishment.  Rather then the preservation of the environment, spiritual growth, and the face-to-face relationships of village life, and then the Industrial Revolution would be considered a disaster.  This is all important for people to understand good judgment and wise choices, needed to make better decisions for the future.  No single colonial experience characterized the two countries across this vast region.  Men and women experienced the colonial era very differently, as well as traditional elites, Western-educated classes, urban artisan, peasants farmers, and migrant laborers.  The construction of these second-wave European empires in the Afro-Asian world, like empires everywhere, military forces, and the threat of using it.  Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State, many young children and adults were punished  and were victims of brutal regime of forced labor undertaken in the Congo during the late 19th century.

Strayer, Introduction to Part 5 & Chapter 17 (pp. 491-504)

Countering Eurocentrism has at least five answers to any dilemmas they have.  One, was how brief the Europeans were in history and how long it has been since they have been a part of it.  Two, is that the rise of Europe and an international context.  Three, the rise of Europe to a position of global dominance was not easy to get to and was not an automatic process to the top.  Four, many people all over the world used the Europeans ideas to create their own conditions, which led to new conditions for many other states and countries.  Five, Europe realized that they had made it to the top and went through struggles, but they were not the only ones who wanted the power and knew how to get it.  The American Revolution did not grow out of social tension, Britain's global struggle with France drained its treasury and ran into national debt.

Strayer, Chapter 16 (pp.477-488)

While Europeans were trying to continue to spread christianity, a new take on religion came about, called Europe's Scientific Revolution.  By the twentieth century, science had spread through European culture and became the symbol of global modernity.  Many scholars and people all over the world had questions about why it started in Europe instead of in China where they would have been able to discover such thing.  The reason it started in Europe was because of the vast majority of scholar in Europe, therefore, most of the major figures in Scientific Revolution had been trained and had education.  By spreading the word about Scientific Revolution, a group of scholars made books and printed them in the press.  there is still tension until today about the spread Scientific Revolution and Christianity.

Strayer, Chapter 16 (pp.461-477)

Modern science and some Christian believers within the United States have tension within their beliefs. The relationship between religion and science have had their problems for far too long.  The Reformation began in 1517 when a man named Martian Luther voiced his opinion against the Roman Catholic Church by posting a document called the Ninety-five Theses, on a church door for everyone to see.  When Luther did this, he started a revolution in a way, by showing people its theological basis. the Reformation spread quickly and everyone was talking about it, they also saw the difference and how it can change lives.  Spanish America and China showed the difference between the following or Christian religion and then another group of people who rejected the religion.  The strong, independent, confident China had a different strategy then Europeans to expand their views.  A new way of thinking came about, the birth of science came and religion felt threatened.  In the twentieth century, science lost its name as the European culture and was known as the symbol of global modernity.

Strayer, Chapter 15 (pp.449-458)

The trade of humankind took over two million slaves from Africa and sent them to North and South America.  Why was owning and trading slaves so important to people?  How come the farmers or workers just pay the Slaves so it was not so degrading.  African people became the main source of people to call slaves and take from their land and ship them to other places.  The slave trade made the Americas collapse in population and slowed down the growth in Africa, while the Europeans, Chinese's, and other regions grew.  Finally in the modern era, slave trade was decreasing rapidly and to many it would have come to a surprise that they did not need to practice slavery in order to change the world.  the world would have changed in some way or another for the best and taught people right from wrong later on.

Strayer, Chapter 15 (pp.433-448)

The Atlantic Slave Trade reminds the world of the problems it created and is still talked about now.  Why did we have slaves?  How come the farmers and land owners could not just pay the workers, instead of calling them slaves and hurting them?  Then in the Europeans and Asian Commerce, Asia had a growing intrest and recovery time from the European disaster from the Black Death.  In the fifteetnth century when the Europeans population was growing again and then Spain, Portugal, England, and France were then learning how to tax more efficiently and to build more military forces and better weapons.  the Portuguese then realized that if they took over by outgunning and outmaneuver other forces.  Spain then was the first to challenge the Portuguese, so they made the Philippines which was named after the Spanish king Philip II.  How come fur is so expensive? Why not just make warm clothes instead of skinning animals?

Chapter 4 Sweet Nexus: Sugar and the Origins of the Modern World

In the old days, sugar was considered a drug because everyone wanted it and would do anything to get their hands on some sugar.  It started from South Asia to the Caribbean, but it was better known in China.  then they used enslaved african labor to work in the crops.  Sugar was and still is a big deal in the world, because it is in almost everything we use and eat as like corn.

Strayer, Chapter 14 (pp.417-430)

Experiencing the Russian Empire had many steps, the authorities demanded an oath of allegiances and also demanded a "yasak" which is a paid debt.  The best transformation that happened in the Russian Empire was that there was an overwhelming number of Russian settlers and over ruled the native settlers.  Siberia and steppes were both incorporated in the Russian state and the natives were not thrown out or driven out of their land like the Americans had done with their natives.  Russia then created an empire similar to the Western Europe with taking conquest, settlement, exploit ion, religion, and more.  The Russians took ideas not only from Western Europe, but from many other countries.  Never the less, the Russian Empire acquired their own identity.  The Asian Empire went into making china an empire, muslims and hindus in the mughal empire, muslims, and christians and the Ottoman empire.  Many of the Christians had welcomed Ottoman because they had lighter taxes.  The Ottoman's were okay with the Christians because they post a threat to others.

Strayer, Chapter 14 (pp.403-417)

the colonization of the Americas North and South. The British settled in North America along the east coast while the spanish and Portuguese settled in mesoamerica, the caribbean, and the andean areas. The European advantage was the fact that the winds in the atlantic carried the ships in the general direction of the Americas and the more advanced culture of the europeans. The great dying occurred when the europeans came over and the natives contracted various diseases that killed off most of the indian population. The columbian exchange took place in the caribbean and mexico mostly. The exchange was the food which the settlers brought back, the precious metals they mined, the animals they brought, and the diseases that killed off the majority of the native people.

All the settlements in the Americas differed because of where the people came from. In Mexico the spanish made what were left of the indians mine precious metals for them, like gold and silver, but in order for the Portuguese people in Brazil to have a labor force, they needed to import slaves from Africa. They were there for labor in the sugar fields. These two cultures were the same in the sense that they mixed cultures and the spaniards and portuguese had families with the natives where in the americas, color separated the classes, and mixing races was frowned upon.

done